This book explores some key developments in online learning - self-paced, adaptive instruction, competency-based learning, blended learning, learning analytics, and MOOCs - and their implications for learning systems, organizations and students. Full of examples and cases, it provokes policy-makers and administrators to think about what is next. Grounded in practice - there is not much speculation here - it will help policy-makers think back from the future and shape the actions they take now.