The theory of transactional distance (TTD) might sound a little off-putting. Yet, it is a very helpful framework to analyze the current state of online, flexible learning at a system, institutional or program level. TTD has been around for some time – developed by Michael Moore at Penn State in the 1970s – but remains a useful starting point for evaluation, change and development of online learning. This book shows us how to make practical use of this framework, gives examples of TTD in action and shows how it can improve institutional strategies, program design and course delivery.